- Aikace-aikacen kayan aikin likita
- Aikace-aikacen injiniyan nama
- Aikace-aikacen kuna
- Aikace-aikacen kyakkyawa
Collagen wani nau'in nau'in furotin ne na fari, opaque, furotin fibrous maras reshe, wanda galibi yana samuwa a cikin fata, kashi, guringuntsi, hakora, tendons, ligaments da tasoshin jini na dabbobi.Yana da mahimmancin gina jiki mai mahimmanci na tsarin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana taka rawa wajen tallafawa gabobin jiki da kuma kare jiki.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da haɓaka fasahar hakar collagen da bincike mai zurfi game da tsarinsa da kaddarorinsa, aikin nazarin halittu na collagen hydrolysates da polypeptides an san su a hankali.Binciken da aikace-aikacen collagen ya zama wurin bincike a cikin magunguna, abinci, kayan shafawa da sauran masana'antu.
Collagen furotin ne na halitta na jiki.Yana da alaƙa mai girma ga ƙwayoyin sunadaran sunadaran a saman fata, ƙarancin antigenicity, kyakkyawan yanayin halitta da amincin ƙwayoyin cuta.Ana iya lalata shi da kuma shayarwa, kuma yana da kyau adhesion.Suture na tiyata da aka yi da collagen ba wai kawai yana da ƙarfin ƙarfi ɗaya kamar siliki na halitta ba, har ma yana da abin sha.Lokacin amfani da shi, yana da kyakkyawan aiki na tara platelet, sakamako mai kyau na hemostatic, santsi mai kyau da elasticity.Junction din suture ba sako-sako bane, nama na jiki ba ya lalacewa yayin aiki, kuma yana da kyau adhesion zuwa rauni.A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ɗan gajeren lokacin matsawa zai iya samun sakamako mai gamsarwa na hemostatic.Don haka ana iya sanya collagen zuwa foda, lebur da spongy hemostatic.A lokaci guda, yin amfani da kayan roba ko collagen a madadin plasma, fata na wucin gadi, tasoshin jini na wucin gadi, gyaran kashi da ƙashi na wucin gadi da masu ɗaukar enzyme marasa motsi suna da yawa bincike da aikace-aikace.
Collagen yana da nau'o'in ƙungiyoyi masu amsawa akan sarkar peptide ta kwayoyin halitta, irin su hydroxyl, carboxyl da amino kungiyoyin, waɗanda suke da sauƙin sha da kuma ɗaure nau'ikan enzymes da sel don cimma rashin motsi.Yana da halaye na kyakkyawar alaƙa tare da enzymes da sel da ƙarfin daidaitawa.Bugu da kari, collagen yana da sauƙin sarrafawa da haɓakawa, don haka ana iya samar da collagen mai tsabta zuwa nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban, kamar su membrane, tef, sheet, soso, beads, da sauransu, amma an fi ba da rahoton aikace-aikacen nau'in membrane.Baya ga biodegradability, nama absorbability, biocompatibility da rauni antigenicity, collagen membrane aka yafi amfani a biomedicine.Har ila yau, yana da halaye masu zuwa: ƙarfin hydrophilicity, ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, derma-kamar ilimin halittar jiki da tsari, da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin ruwa da iska.Bioplasticity da aka ƙaddara ta ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙananan ductility;Tare da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki da yawa, ana iya haɗa shi daidai don sarrafa ƙimar lalatawar halittu.Daidaitacce mai narkewa (ƙumburi);Yana da tasirin synergistic lokacin amfani da sauran abubuwan bioactive.Zai iya hulɗa tare da kwayoyi;Hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa ko enzymatic na ƙayyade peptides na iya rage antigenicity, na iya ware ƙwayoyin cuta, suna da ayyukan ilimin lissafi, irin su coagulation na jini da sauran fa'idodi.
Siffofin aikace-aikacen asibiti sune maganin ruwa, gel, granule, soso da fim.Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da waɗannan siffofi don jinkirin sakin kwayoyi.Jinkirin sakin aikace-aikacen magungunan collagen waɗanda aka amince da kasuwa kuma suna kan haɓaka galibi suna mai da hankali kan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da jiyya na glaucoma a cikin ilimin ophthalmology, jiyya na gida a cikin rauni da sarrafa kamuwa da cuta a cikin gyaran rauni, dysplasia na mahaifa a cikin gynecology da maganin sa barci a cikin tiyata. , da dai sauransu.
Yadu a cikin dukkan kyallen jikin mutum, collagen wani abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin dukkanin kyallen takarda kuma ya ƙunshi matrix na extracellular (ECM), wanda shine kayan nama na halitta.Daga yanayin aikace-aikacen asibiti, an yi amfani da collagen don yin nau'i-nau'i na injiniya na nama, irin su fata, nama na kasusuwa, trachea da zubar da jini.Duk da haka, ana iya raba collagen da kansa zuwa kashi biyu, wato gyaggyarawa da aka yi da tsantsar collagen da kuma tarkace da aka yi da wasu abubuwa.Kayan aikin injiniya mai tsabta na collagen nama yana da fa'idodi na ingantaccen tsarin rayuwa, aiki mai sauƙi, filastik, kuma yana iya haɓaka mannewar tantanin halitta da haɓakawa, amma kuma akwai rashi kamar ƙarancin injiniyoyi na collagen, da wahala a siffa a cikin ruwa, kuma ba su iya tallafawa sake gina nama. .Abu na biyu, sabon nama a wurin gyaran gyare-gyare zai samar da nau'o'in enzymes, wanda zai haifar da hydrolyze collagen kuma ya haifar da rushewar ɓangarorin, wanda za'a iya inganta ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa ko fili.An yi nasarar amfani da kayan aikin halitta bisa collagen a cikin kayan aikin injiniya na nama kamar fatar wucin gadi, kasusuwa na wucin gadi, grafts na guringuntsi da kuma catheters na jijiya.An gyara lahani na guringuntsi ta hanyar amfani da gels collagen da aka saka a cikin chondrocytes kuma an yi ƙoƙari don haɗa epithelial, endothelial, da ƙwayoyin corneal zuwa soso na collagen don dacewa da nama na corneal.Wasu kuma suna haɗa sel mai tushe daga sel mesenchymal masu sarrafa kansu tare da gel collagen don yin tendons don gyarawa na baya.
Maganin fata na wucin gadi da aka yi amfani da nama-inji-saki wanda ya ƙunshi dermis da epithelium tare da collagen kamar yadda ake amfani da matrix a cikin tsarin isar da magunguna tare da collagen a matsayin babban sashi, wanda zai iya siffata maganin ruwa na collagen cikin nau'ikan tsarin isar da magunguna daban-daban.Misalai sun haɗa da masu kare collagen don ilimin ophthalmology, soso na collagen don ƙonewa ko rauni, barbashi don isar da furotin, nau'ikan gel na collagen, kayan tsari don isar da ƙwayoyi ta fata, da nanoparticles don watsa kwayar halitta.Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan aikin injiniya na nama ciki har da tsarin al'adun tantanin halitta, kayan daɗaɗɗa don tasoshin jini na wucin gadi da bawuloli, da dai sauransu.
Ƙunƙarar fata ta atomatik sun kasance ma'auni na duniya don magance ƙonewa na biyu - da na uku.Duk da haka, ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da ƙonawa mai tsanani, rashin dacewa da fata na fata ya zama matsala mafi tsanani.Wasu mutane sun yi amfani da fasahar bioengineering don girma ƙwayar fata na jarirai daga ƙwayoyin fata na jarirai.Burns yana warkarwa a cikin nau'ikan digiri daban-daban a cikin makonni 3 zuwa watanni 18, kuma sabuwar fatar da ta girma tana nuna ƙarancin hauhawar jini da juriya.Wasu sun yi amfani da poly-DL-lactate-glycolic acid (PLGA) da kuma collagen na halitta don girma fibroblasts fatar jikin mutum mai girma uku, yana nuna cewa: Kwayoyin sun girma da sauri a kan raga na roba kuma sun girma kusan lokaci guda a ciki da waje, da kuma yaduwar kwayoyin halitta da ɓoyewa. extracellular matrix kasance mafi uniform.Lokacin da aka shigar da zaruruwa a bayan bera na dermal, nama na dermal ya girma bayan makonni 2, kuma nama na epithelial ya girma bayan makonni 4.
Ana fitar da collagen daga fatar dabba, fata baya ga collagen kuma ya ƙunshi hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate da sauran proteoglycan, suna ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na ƙungiyoyin polar, wani abu ne mai ɗanɗano, kuma yana da tasirin hana tyrosine a cikin fata don canzawa zuwa. melanin, don haka collagen yana da moisturizing na halitta, fari, anti-alama, freckle da sauran ayyuka, za a iya amfani da ko'ina a kyau kayayyakin.Haɗin sinadarai da tsarin collagen ya sa ya zama ginshiƙin kyau.Collagen yana da tsari iri ɗaya da ƙwayar fata na ɗan adam.Yana da furotin fibrous wanda ba ya narkewa da ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi sukari.Kwayoyinsa suna da wadata a cikin adadi mai yawa na amino acid da ƙungiyoyin hydrophilic, kuma yana da wasu ayyuka na sama da kuma dacewa mai kyau.A 70% zafi dangi, zai iya riƙe 45% na nauyinsa.Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa tsaftataccen bayani na 0.01% collagen zai iya samar da kyakkyawan launi mai riƙe da ruwa, samar da duk danshin da fata ke bukata.
Tare da karuwar shekaru, ƙarfin roba na fibroblast yana raguwa.Idan fata ba ta da collagen, za a haɗa filaye na collagen, wanda zai haifar da raguwar mucoglycans intercellular.Fatar jiki za ta rasa laushi, elasticity da haske, wanda zai haifar da tsufa.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman abu mai aiki a cikin kayan shafawa, na ƙarshe zai iya yada zuwa zurfin Layer na fata.Tyrosine da ya ƙunshi yana gogayya da tyrosine a cikin fata kuma yana ɗaure zuwa cibiyar catalytic na tyrosinase, don haka yana hana samar da melanin, yana haɓaka ayyukan collagen a cikin fata, yana kiyaye danshi na stratum corneum da amincin tsarin fiber. , da kuma inganta metabolism na fata fata.Yana da kyau moisturizing da moisturizing sakamako a kan fata.A farkon shekarun 1970, bovine collagen don yin allura da farko an fara gabatar da shi a Amurka don cire tabo da gyale da gyara tabo.
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-04-2023